Six percent of Earth’s surface lies within the Arctic Circle. This area is divided more or less equally between land, continental shelves (under less than 500m of water) and deep ocean basins.
The petroleum industry is now starting to draw on all its reserves of knowledge, innovation and determination in its efforts to produce hydrocarbons from this inhospitable region.
The oil and gas deposits, in what was previously an inaccessible region, are becoming a lot less theoretical to the five nations that border the Arctic.
Advances in the technology of oil and gas recovery, as well as the retreating ice sheet, make the High North an increasingly attractive region for energy exploration.
The United States Geological Survey (USGS) has estimated 30 of the world's undiscovered gas and 13% of its undiscovered oil may be in the Arctic.
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